ion and guarantee producers a fair price, is a risk-sharing model worth more attention. Direct food distribution systems not only encourage small-scale agriculture but also give consumers more control over the food they consume, she wrote.

Questions 1-3

Reading Passage 1 has nine paragraphs, A-I.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-I, in boxes 1-3 on your answer sheet.

1 a reference to characteristics that only apply to food production

2 a reference to challenges faced only by farmers in certain parts of the world

3 a reference to difficulties in bringing about co-operation between farmers

Questions 4-9

Look at the following statements (Question 4-9) and the list of people below.

Match each statement with the correct person, A-G.

Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 4-9 on your answer sheet.

NB You may use any letter more than once.

4 Financial assistance from the government does not always go to the farmers who most need it.

5 Farmers can benefit from collaborating as a group.

6 Financial assistance from the government can improve the standard of living of farmers.

7 Farmers may be helped if there is financial input by the same individuals who buy from them.

8 Governments can help to reduce variation in prices.

9 Improvements to infrastructure can have a major impact on risk for farmers.

List of People

A Kanayo F. Nwanze

B Sophia Murphy

C Shenggen Fan

D Rokeya Kabir

E Pat Mooney

F Giel Ton

G Sonali Bisht

Questions 10-11

Choose TWO letters, A-E.

Write the correct letters in boxes 10 and 11 on your answer sheet.

Which TWO problems are mentioned which affect farmers with small farms in developing countries?

A lack of demand for locally produced food

B lack of irrigation programmes

C being unable to get insurance

D the effects of changing weather patterns

E having to sell their goods to intermediary buyers 

Questions 12-13

Choose TWO letters, A-E.

Write the correct letters in boxes 12 and 13 on your answer sheet.

Which TWO actions are recommended for improving conditions for farmers?

A reducing the size of food stocks

B attempting to ensure that prices rise at certain times of the year

C organizing co-operation between a wide range of interested parties

D encouraging consumers to take a financial stake in farming

E making customers aware of the reasons for changing food prices

ANSWER

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.