PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF CONCESSION | Cụm từ và Mệnh đề nhượng bộ _ Lý thuyết
BÀI 4: MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ CHỈ SỰ NHƯỢNG BỘ, LÝ DO
- Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ quan hệ tương phản/nhượng bộ là mệnh đề để bổ nghĩa cho mệnh đề chính bằng cách xác định quan hệ tương phản/nhượng bộ đối với mệnh đề chính.
- Những mệnh đề này được bắt đầu bằng:
Lưu ý: Trong ngữ pháp truyền thống thì liên từ “Though” thường không ñừng ñầu câu, “Even though” có nghĩa mạnh nhất.
* Nhóm 1: Although; Though; Even though (mặc dù)
Ex: Although he is old, he is very active
They are playing football though it rains heavily
- Lưu ý
Ex:
- He is old. However, he is very active.
- He is old. He is, however very active.
- He is old. He is very active, however.
Ex: He is old but he is very active.
Despite
In spite of + Noun/V-ing bất chấp/mặc dù
Regardless of
Ex:
1. Although he is old, he is very active
=> Despite being old, he is very active
his old age, he is very active
2. Although she is kind, he doesn't like to work with her
=> In spite of her kindness, he doesn't like to work with her
3. They are playing football though it rains heavily
=> Despite the heavy rain, they are playing football
* Khi ta thêm "the fact that" vào sau các giới từ trên thì chúng được sử dụng như các liên từ
Ex:
Although her little son is going to school for the first time tomorrow she is very calm.
(calm (a): bình tĩnh)
=> In spite of the fact that her little son is going to school for the first time tomorrow, she is very calm.
-Khi “Though” đứng đầu câu thì nó là liên từ có nghĩa là “mặc dầu”
- Khi “Though/However” đứng cuối câu thì nó là trạng từ có nghĩa là “tuy nhiên”
Ex:
Although/though he worked hard, he didn't earn enough for his living.
He worked hard. He didn't earn enough for his living, though (adv)
however (adv)
* Nhóm 2: While (trong khi), Meanwhile và Whereas (trong khi đó)
Ex:
- While yesterday was sunny, today is rainy
- While my mother loves Korean film, my father hates them
- Yesterday was sunny whereas today is rainy
- The price of vegetables goes up whereas that of fruit goes down.
* Nhóm 3: However; Whatever; Whoever; Wherever; Even if (cho dù)
Ex: He can't solve the problem even if it is not very difficult
No matter how
However + adv/adj + S + V + main clause
It doesn't matter how
(Cho dù + adv/adj )
Ex: No matter how busy my mother is, she always takes care of us carefully
| + (Noun) + S + V + Main clause |
(Khi có “noun” thì chúng ta chỉ dùng cho What/Which/Who còn không đúng trong trường hợp When, Where)
Ex:
- No matter what shirt you choose, you will have to pay 10USD for each
- Whoever she is, she must obey traffic laws
=> It doesn't matter who, she must obey traffic laws
- Wherever you go, whatever you do, I'll be right here waiting for you.
CỤM TỪ VÀ MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ LÝ DO (PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF REASON)
I. Cụm từ chỉ lý do (Phrases of reason)
Cụm từ chỉ lý do thuờng được bắt đầu bằng các giới từ because of, due to hoặc owing to.
Ex:
- The students arrived late because of/ due to the traffic jam.
- We were there because of him.
- She stayed at home because of feeling unwell.
II. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ lý do (Adverbial clauses of reason)
Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ lý do là một mệnh đề phụ chỉ lý do hoặc nguyên nhân của hành động đuợc nêu trong mệnh đề chính.
Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ lý do thuờng đuợc nối với mệnh đề chính bằng các liên từ because, since, as (lưu ý since và as thuờng đặt ở đầu câu).
Ex:
- He came ten minutes late because he missed the first bus.
- Since/ As he missed the first bus, he came ten minutes late.
- She was worried because it started to rain.
- They didn’t take part in the trip because the weather was bad.
♦ Khi đổi từ mệnh đề sang cụm từ, nếu 2 chủ ngữ giống nhau ta có thể dùng Gerund phrase.
Ex: She stayed at home because she was sick.
=> She stayed at home because of being sick.
PRACTICE